Basic Operators in Java

Operators are special symbols like +, -, *, /, %, etc, which are used to perform operations on operands (values) in Java.

List of Basic Operators in Java

Following is the list of basic operators in Java:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Logical Operators
• Relational Operators
• Ternary Operator
• Unary Operator
• Bitwise Operators

Arithmetic Operator

Arithmetic operators are used to perform calculations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Following is the list of Arithmetic operators in Java:

Example

Here is an example of a Java program to add values of two variables using the + (plus) Arithmetic operator:

public class ArithmeticOperatorExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int num1 = 100;
        int num2 = 200;

        int result = num1 + num2;
        System.out.println(result);
    }

}

Output

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable.

Following is the list of assignment operators in Java:

Example

Here is an example of a Java program to assign values to variables using the = Assignment operator:

public class AssignmentOperatorExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String message1 = "Hello";
        String message2 = message1;
        
        int num1 = 10000;
        int num2 = num1;      
        
        System.out.println(message2);
        System.out.println(num1);
        System.out.println(num2);
    }

}

Relational Operators

Relational operators returns a boolean value (true/false) by comparing two variables or numbers.

Following is the list of relational operators in Java:

Example

Here is an example of a Java program to compare values of two variables using the Relational operators:

public class RelationalOperatorsExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int a = 10;
        int b = 12;

        boolean result1 = a == b;
        boolean result2 = a != b;
        boolean result3 = a > b;
        boolean result4 = a < b;
        boolean result5 = a <= b;
        boolean result6 = a >= b;

        System.out.println(result1);
        System.out.println(result2);
        System.out.println(result3);
        System.out.println(result4);
        System.out.println(result5);
        System.out.println(result6);

    }

}

Output

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables(values).

Example

Here is an example of a Java program to see how Logical operators work:

public class LogicalOperatorsExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int a = 10;
        int b = 12;
        int c = 30;

        boolean result1 = a < b && b < c; 
        boolean result2 = a > b || b < c; 
        boolean result3 = !(a < b); 
        
        System.out.println(result1);
        System.out.println(result2);
        System.out.println(result3);
       
    }

}

Output

Ternary Operator

A ternary operator takes three arguments (or operands) to decide, which value should be assigned to the variable. A ternary operator is also called conditional operator. It works as an inline if-else statement.

Syntax

(if this condition is true ? use this : else use this)

Example

public class TernaryOperatorsExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int a = 10;
        int b = 12;
        int c = 30;

        int result1 = (a > b ? 1 : 2);
        int result2 = (a < b ? 1 : 2);
        boolean result3 = (a > c ? false : true);
        
        System.out.println(result1);
        System.out.println(result2);
        System.out.println(result3);

    }

}

Output

Unary Operator

In Java, the unary operators are used to increase or decrease the value of an operand by 1 or a given number. The unary operators have two forms: Postfix and Prefix. Both do increment or decrement in appropriate variables.

Example

public static void main(String[] args) {

    int a = 20;
    int b = 15;
          
    ++a;
    --b;
           
    System.out.println(a);
    System.out.println(b);  

}

Output

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to perform manipulation on individual bits of integer types, long, int, short, byte and char values. Bitwise operations are generally faster than division, multiplication, and sometimes faster than addition.

Following are the bitwise operators in Java:

• Bitwise AND &: The bitwise & operator is used to perform a bitwise AND operation. It is a binary operator. It is denoted by & symbol. This operator returns 1 if both of the bits are 1, else it gives 0.

Example

public class BitwiseANDExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int a = 4;
        int b = 7;

        int result = a & b;

        System.out.println(result);
    }

}

Output

4

Example Explained

a = 4 (in decimal) = 0100 (in binary)

b = 7 (in decimal) = 0111 (in binary)




Bitwise AND Operation of 4 and 7

 0100

& 0111

---

  0100 = 4 (in decimal)



• Bitwise OR | : The bitwise | operator performs a bitwise inclusive OR operation. It is denoted by | symbol. This operator returns 1 if either of the bits is 1, else it gives 0.

Example

public class BitwiseORExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int a = 4;
        int b = 7;

        int result = a | b;

        System.out.println(result);
    }

}

Output

7

Example Explained

a = 4 (in decimal) = 0100 (in binary)

b = 7 (in decimal) = 0111 (in binary)




Bitwise OR Operation of 4 and 7

 0100

| 0111

---

  0111 = 7 (in decimal)



• Bitwise XOR ^: The bitwise ^ operator performs a bitwise exclusive OR operation. It is a binary operator. It is denoted by ^ symbol. It gives 1 if corresponding bits are different, else it gives 0.

Example

public class BitwiseXORExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int a = 4;
        int b = 7;

        int result = a ^ b;

        System.out.println(result);
    }

}

Output

3

Example Explained

a = 4 (in decimal) = 0100 (in binary)

b = 7 (in decimal) = 0111 (in binary)




Bitwise XOR Operation of 4 and 7

 0100

^ 0111

---

  0011 = 3 (in decimal)



• Bitwise Compliment ~: The unary bitwise complement operator ~ inverts a bit pattern; it can be applied to any of the integral types, making every "0" a "1" and every "1" a "0". For example, a byte value of 8 bits whose bit pattern is "00000000" would change to "11111111". It is denoted by ~ symbol.

Example

a = 4 (in decimal) = 0100 (in binary)




Bitwise Compliment Operation of 4

~ 0100

---

 1011 = 11 (in decimal)

Two's complement of 11 will be -5



• Signed left shift operator << : The signed left shift operator << shifts a bit pattern to the left by the number of times specified by the right side of the operand. After the left shift, the empty space in the right is filled with 0. Left shifting a number by 1 is equavalent to multiplying it by 2.

Example

14 (decimal value) = 00001110 (binary value)




(14 << 2) Move 14 by 2 places to the left

00001110

---

00111000 = 56 (in decimal) (After moving 00001110 by 2 places to the left.)



• Signed right shift operator >> : The signed right shift operator >> shifts all bits to the right.

Example

14 (decimal value) = 00001110 (binary value)




(14 >> 2) Move 14 by 2 places to the right

00001110

---

00000011 = 3 (in decimal) (After moving 00001110 by 2 places to the right.)



• Unsigned right shift operator >>>: This Unsigned right shift operator shifts all bits to the right and the empty spaces in the left are filled with 0 irrespective of whether the number is positive or negative. The result of unsigned right shift operator is always a positive integer.

Example

14 (decimal value) = 00001110 (binary value)




(14 >>> 2) Move 14 by 2 places to the unsigned right.

00001110

---

00000011 = 3 (in decimal) (After moving 00001110 by 2 places to the unsigned right.)