Operators in Python
In Python, operators are special symbols like +, −, *, /, %, etc, which are used to perform operations on operands (values and variables).
These are the list of operators in Python:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Logical Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
- Bitwise Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform calculations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
The following table shows the lists of arithmetic operators supported by Python:
| Operators | Name | Description | Example |
| + | Addition | Adds two or more values. | a = 4 b = 6 c = a + b |
| - | Subtraction | Subtracts the right operand from the left operand. | a = 10 b = 6 c = a - b |
| * | Multiplication | Multiplies two values. | a = 2 b = 6 c = a * b |
| / | Division | Divides the left operand by the right operand. | a = 10 b = 2 c = a / b |
| % | Modulus | Returns the remainder of the division. | a = 10 b = 2 c = a % b |
| ** | Exponentiation | Perform exponential operation. Raises the left operand to the power of the right operand. | a = 10 b = 2 c = a ** b |
| // | Floor Division | Returns the floor value of the division. | a = 51 b = 2 c = a // b |
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables(values).
The following table shows the lists of logical operators supported by Python:
| Operators | Name | Description | Example |
| and | Logical AND | Returns true, if and only if both statements are true. | 175 > 156 and 253 > 130 |
| or | Logical OR | Returns true, if one of the given statements is true. | 147 < 112 or 350> 330 |
| not | Logical NOT | Change the result to the opposite, returns true if the result is false. | not(2 > 5) |
Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable on the left. The = sign is used for assignment operator.
The following table shows the lists of assignment operators supported by Python:
| Operator | Description | Example |
| = | Assigns a value from the right to a variable on the left | a = 10 |
| += | Adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | a += b |
| -= | Subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | a -= b |
| *= | Multiplies the operand on the left by the operand on the right and assigns the result to the left operand. | a *= b |
| /= | Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | a /= b |
| %= | It is used for Modulus and Assignment operation. It calculates the remainder when the left operand is divided by the right operand and assigns the result back to the left operand. | a %= b |
| //= | Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the floor value result to the left operand. | a //= b |
| **= | Performs an exponential operation with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | a **= b |
| &= | Performs a bitwise AND operation between the left operand and the right operand and assigns the result back to the left operand. | a &= b |
| ^= | Performs a bitwise XOR operation between the left operand and the right operand and assigns the result back to the left operand. | a ^= b |
| |= | Performs a bitwise OR operation between the left operand and the right operand and assigns the result back to the left operand. | a |= b |
| <<= | Performs a bitwise left shift operation on the left operand by the number of positions specified by the right operand and assigns the result back to the left operand. | a <<= b |
| >>= | Performs a bitwise right shift operation on the left operand by the number of positions specified by the right operand and assigns the result back to the left operand. | a >>= b |
Comparison Operators
The Comparison operators are used to compare two values.
The following table shows the lists of comparison operators supported by Python:
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
| == | Equal | Compares and returns True if the left operand is equal to the right operand. | a == 10 |
| != | Not equal | Compares and returns True if the left operand is not equal to the right operand. | a != 10 |
| > | Greater than | Compares and returns True if the left operand is greater than the right operand. | a > b |
| < | Less than | Compares and returns True if the left operand is less than the right operand. | a < b |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | Compares and returns True if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand. | a >= 10 |
| <= | Less than or equal to | Compares and returns True if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand. | a <= 10 |
Membership Operator
Membership operators are used used to test the membership in a sequence.
The following table lists the membership operators supported by Python:
| Operator | Description | Example |
| in | Returns True if there is a value in the specified sequence. | a in b |
| not in | Return True if there is no value in the specified sequence. | a not in b |
Identity Operator
Identity operators are used to compare objects if they are the same object and share the same memory location.
The following table lists the identity operators supported by Python:
| Operator | Description | Example |
| is | Returns True if the compared objects are the same object. | a is b |
| is not | Returns True if the compared objects are not the same object. | a is not b |
Bitwise Operator
Bitwise operators are used to perform manipulation on individual bits of integer types, long, int, short, byte and char values. Bitwise operations are generally faster than division, multiplication, and sometimes faster than addition.
Here are the lists of bitwise operators supported by Python:
- Bitwise AND (&): The bitwise & operator is used to perform a bitwise AND operation. It is a binary operator. It is denoted by & symbol. This operator returns 1 if both of the bits are 1, else it gives 0.
Example:
a = 4 (in decimal) = 0100 (in binary) b = 7 (in decimal) = 0111 (in binary) Bitwise AND Operation of 4 and 7 0100 & 0111 _______________________________ 0100 = 4 (in decimal)
Example:
a = 4 (in decimal) = 0100 (in binary) b = 7 (in decimal) = 0111 (in binary) Bitwise OR Operation of 4 and 7 0100 | 0111 ___________________________________ 0111 = 7 (in decimal)
Example:
a = 4 (in decimal) = 0100 (in binary) b = 7 (in decimal) = 0111 (in binary) Bitwise XOR Operation of 4 and 7 0100 ^ 0111 ___________________________________ 0011 = 3 (in decimal)
Example:
a = 4 (in decimal) = 0100 (in binary) Bitwise Compliment Operation of 4 ~ 0100 ________________________________ 1011 = 11 (in decimal)
Example:
14 (decimal value) = 00001110 (binary value) (14 << 2) Move 14 by 2 places to the left 00001110 _____________________________________________________________________________ 00111000 = 56 (in decimal) (After moving 00001110 by 2 places to the left.)
Example:
14 (decimal value) = 00001110 (binary value) (14 >> 2) Move 14 by 2 places to the right 00001110 _____________________________________________________________________________ 00000011 = 3 (in decimal) (After moving 00001110 by 2 places to the right.)